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Members
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Main topics
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The main research interest of the Laboratory of Ethology is the study of the causes and consequences of variation in behavioural traits among individuals. Most studies are carried out within an ethological framework, focusing on all four major aspects of animal behaviour: causation, development, function and evolution. We use an integrative and multidisciplinary approach to study reproduction and sexual selection in different animal groups, but primarily in birds. Whilst our core research is in behavioural ecology, our current research interests span physiology to population ecology. We combine work on wild populations of birds with controlled aviary and laboratory experiments. Recent work is focusing on (1) communication in different animal groups; (2) the function and evolution of bird song with particular attention to costs and constraints that limit the expression of song; (3) relationships between hormones, behaviour and life histories; (4) sperm competition and mating systems. We are also interested in the application of behavioural ecology to environmental and biodiversity problems. A recent line of research concentrates on the effects of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants on the health and reproduction of birds and on the development of non-destructive methods of biomonitoring. We also study the conservation ecology of endangered fish species native to the Flanders using electrofishing techniques.
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Website
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http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=*DEPBIO&n=3448
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Projects
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Show the projects of this research team - Can changes in climate and in flame retardant exposure over time alter the levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla)? 01/02/2013 - 31/12/2013
| Abstract | The ban on the use of PBDEs in Europe has resulted in the increased use of alternate flame retardants (FRs),
such as HBCD, TBBPA, BTBPE and organophosphorus FRs. In this project, temporal trends of both regulated
and emerging FRs will be investigated, making use of a feather collection of white tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) since 1969. Furthermore, we aim to study interactions between climate variations and temporal trends of FRs on the stress hormone concentrations in feathers of the white-tailed eagles. Measuring pollutants and stress hormones simultaneously in feathers of individual birds is a novel approach that will allow understanding of how environmental variability may contribute to variation in stress response. | | Duration | 01/02/2013 - 31/12/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Interactions between natural stressors and pollutant exposure in nestling birds of prey: Feathers as a novel integrated measure of pollutant exposure, feeding ecology and stress. 01/01/2013 - 31/12/2016
| Abstract | The main aim of this project is to study the impact of interactions between natural stressors and anthropogenic stress, caused by environmental contamination with OHCs, on the health of nestling birds of prey in (sub)Arctic regions. Birds of prey from (sub)Arctic regions have several characteristics that make them very useful to study OHC exposure in combination with natural stressors (see methodology). | | Duration | 01/01/2013 - 31/12/2016 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Evolutionary ecological perspectives on bird family life: A study into the genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of offspring begging. 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2016
| Abstract | Begging, the solicitation of food from parents by as yet dependent offspring, forms a trait with direct and significant consequences on growth, survival, and thus ultimately on fitness. Obviously, begging for food from parents should elicit the transfer of resources, typically a greater amount than parents are selected to provide, since parents and offspring are, at least in birds, not genetically identical. When offspring seeks parental investment, their begging exerts a selective pressure on parental provisioning. But begging is at the same time also target of selection, because it is influenced by the parental response. Both behaviors should, therefore, ultimately become co-adapted. Being agent and target of selection, begging follows a complex evolutionary trajectory, which is additionally flavoured by the evolutionary conflict over parental investment.
From this it becomes clear that it requires detailed information on both selection and inheritance of begging in order to understand its evolutionary potential. A very powerful quantitative genetic tool to study genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes is to impose artificial selection upon the trait of interest, here begging. Artificial selection not only allows to identify the pattern of inheritance, but also to investigate genetic covariances and correlated responses in traits that generate trade-offs or that are co-adapted. This opens the possibility to test important evolutionary ecological predictions for instance in the context of evolutionary conflicts of interest and the honest signaling of offspring need. The use of artificial selection is also suitable to identify underlying control mechanisms via a correlated selection on physiological traits. Physiological mechanisms have the potential to affect or even constrain the response to selection by linking the expression of different traits and by generating trade-offs across contexts or life-history stages. Studying the phenotypic mechanisms such as the regulating role of testosterone is, therefore, necessary and will complement the research into the genetic mechanisms. Ultimately, the combined information will help to understand what mechanisms make begging adaptive and thus improve our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of life-history traits and fitness components. | | Duration | 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2016 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Exposure modelling and effect assessment of organic pollutants in predatory birds: Studying the interactions between exposure, climate variability and feeding ecology, using the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) as model species. 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2015
| Abstract | The main aim of the proposed research is to study exposure and effects of organic pollutants in predatory birds, using the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla; WTE) as a model species. The proposed research can be subdivided in several objectives.
Firstly, I will study exposure through the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) bioaccumulation models. Since a high amount of species-specific information is required to develop such a model, I have chosen the WTE as a model species. This species has been monitored for years through international collaborations and I have access to databases providing sufficient information for the first objective (see methodology). The second objective aims to study the effects from the physiological up to the population level. The last objective deals with the study of exposure to organic pollutants in the light of varying climate and feeding conditions over time. | | Duration | 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2015 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Parent-offspring conflict in canaries: individual plasticity, genetic basis and co-adaptation. 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2014
| Abstract | The evolution of parental care is central to our understanding of among other social systems and sexual selection, which are main areas of research in evolutionary biology. However, virtually nothing is known about its genetic architecture. Parental care includes complex parent-offspring interactions and its evolution therefore depends on the evolution of two traits, parental provisioning and offspring begging. Both behaviours should ultimately become genetically correlated, since changes in one trait exert a selective pressure on the evolution
of the other. To complicate matters, the evolution of parental care is also shaped by a conflict of interest over the degree of provided parental investment between parents and offspring. My proposed research project aims at studying the genetic basis and consequences of co-adaptation between parental provisioning and offspring begging. In a first step, I will separately look at the heritability and phenotypic plasticity of both, parental provisioning and offspring begging, which set the basis for any co-evolutionary process. Next, I will focus on
the co-variance of both traits using an intra-individual and an intra-family approach. Finally, I will study the functional consequences of co-adaptation for both parents and offspring, which will also improve our understanding of who is winning the parent-offspring conflict. | | Duration | 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2014 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Honest signaling in birds: Can carotenoids promote steroidogenesis? 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2013
| Abstract | The general aim of the proposal is to test if the supplementation of carotenoids and/or cholesterol can promote the synthesis of T that regulate the uptake of carotenoids in the cells of the trait. This is in line with the finding that carotenoids can regulate the steroidogenic activity in humans (Wickenheisser et al. 2005; Angwafor and Anderson 2008) and other mammals (Folman et al. 1983; Chew 1993; Chew et al. 2001; Campbell et al. 2006). Indirect evidence shows that providing zebra finches Taeniopygia
guttata with carotenoids enhances their escape flight ability (Blount and Matheson 2006), suggesting that carotenoids may stimulate the production of androgen with anabolic effects on the flight muscles. Similar evidence comes from a recent discovery that European starlings Sturnus vulgaris supplemented with carotenoids increase their song rate and that starlings supplemented with both carotenoids and T show an enhanced nest-oriented song compared to birds treated just with T (VanHout, Eens and Pinxten 2011). Moreover providing cholesterol to zebra finches enhances bill carotenoids (McGraw and Parker 2006) suggesting a promotion of T by cholesterol is the first step of the complex steroidogenic process. | | Duration | 01/10/2012 - 30/09/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- We are chemistry, development of educational materials and packages for chemistry teachers in the second stage of secondary education. 01/07/2012 - 30/09/2012
| Abstract | This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Province of Antwerp. UA provides the Province of Antwerp research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract. | | Duration | 01/07/2012 - 30/09/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- A quantitative genetic approach to study the mechanisms and functions of bird song. 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2015
| Abstract | Using a pedigreed captive canary population, the proposed project applies a quantitative genetic approach to the mechanisms and function of bird song, a trait playing an important role in the study of sexual selection. We will estimate the genetic inheritance of bird song as well as potential environmental influences. In order to test predictions of evolutionary theory in the context of sexual
selection, we will investigate whether bird song indicates genetic and/or environmental quality, and analyze genetic correlations among song parameters, condition and immunocompetence. Finally, we apply a quantitative genetic approach to the endocrine regulation of corticosterone and testosterone, as the evolution of the traits studied here may depend on indirect selection on the
underlying mechanisms. | | Duration | 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2015 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Art and the evolution of signalling in a cultural species: a comparative approach. 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2015
| Abstract | This project aims to tackle some pending philosophical, psychological and biological isues with regard to art by combining research methods from these different domains. The following questions will be addressed. (1) Is there a deep similarity between human art and "artistic" behaviour in animals or are the observed similarities only superficial? (2) To what extent can signalling theory - a body of theoretical work within evolutionary biology examining communication between individuals - make precise predictions about art systems or traditions? (3) Can applying signalling theory to art shed new light on authenticity, a long-standing problem in
the philosophy of art? | | Duration | 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2015 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Show me your colour, I will tell you your quality 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2012
| Abstract | While body colour can provide important information about animal health, relatively little is known about the relationships between female colour, egg colour and health status. We propose to investigate the relationship between the colour of the body parts of female birds and their individual quality, and between the colour of eggs and their composition. We aim to use colour measurement as a non-invasive method to access bird and egg qualities. | | Duration | 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Song in songbirds as a model for studying complex behaviours. (FWO VisK Fel., Clémentine FRITSCH, Frankrijk) 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2012
| Abstract | Song in songbirds as a model system for studying complex behaviours: an integration of ecological, physiological and neurobiological data in an evolutionary framework [and also Causes and consequences of variation in complex secondary sexual song characteristics: a longitudinal and multidisciplinary approach by integrating behavioural, physiological and molecular data. | | Duration | 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Genes and environment: on the interplay of nature and nurture. 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2016
| Abstract | Over the past decade, birds have proven to be excellent models to study maternal effects, in particular hormone-mediated maternal effects, where offspring phenotype is influenced by maternally derived hormones deposited in the yolk. But although the effects of yolk hormones have been studied in great detail, virtually nothing is known about how hormone-mediated maternal effects influence fitness. In order to achieve this, it is highly important to study the effects of yolk hormones on offspring phenotype in different environments. Maternal effects are thought to serve first of all as an adjustment to current environmental conditions, and females alter the amount of yolk hormones deposited in response to environmental changes - via phenotypic plasticity. However, maternal effects have not only an environmental but also a genetic component, and both of which shape the evolutionary significance of a maternal effect. At current, there is still (too) little information available on heritable variation in maternal traits generating changes in offspring phenotype through variation in egg components. | | Duration | 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2016 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Conflict and co-adaptation: the evolution of parental care in a wild bird species. 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2013
| Abstract | Interactions between caring parents and their offspring are one of the most widespread social behaviours in animals. These parent-offspring interactions involve two parties and its evolution is, therefore, dependent on the evolution of two traits, parental provisioning and offspring begging. From a quantitative genetic perspective both behaviours should co-adapt, which should ultimately lead to (genetic) co-variation. But evidence for co-adaptation, its underlying genetics and the potential fitness consequences is as yet very limited, especially in natural populations. Furthermore, co-adaptation is not the only process shaping the evolution of parental care. Its evolution is also affected by a conflict of interest over the amount of parental care, since offspring is selected to seek greater parental investment than the
parents are selected to give. In my PhD-project I will integrate approaches from behavioural ecology and quantitative genetics to study: (a) the (genetic) correlation between offspring solicitation and parental provisioning genes in a natural population of blue tits (b) the potential fitness consequences of a disruption of this correlation for both parents - in the light of the sexual conflict over parental care (c) whether maternal effects play a role in shaping the co-evolution of offspring solicitation and parental provisioning." | | Duration | 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Vocal behaviour of the great tit. 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2012
| Abstract | This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university. | | Duration | 01/10/2011 - 30/09/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Maternal investment in yolk hormones and carotenoids: sources of variation and effects in wild rockhopper penguins. 01/01/2011 - 31/12/2013
| Abstract | Mothers can influence the phenotype and performance of their offspring by adjusting their deposition of egg components to environmental conditions and according to their own physiological state. Birds, and rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) in particular, have excellent characteristics which can be used to study the sources of variation in maternal investment in eggs and their potential effects on embryonic survival and development. Rockhopper penguins exhibit a reversed egg size dimorphism, brood reduction, a unique reversed hatching asynchrony, and large differences in breeding success among years and populations. Therefore, I can study variation in maternal investment on all possible levels: within the population, within clutches and among seasons and populations. I will first explore the sources of variation in investment in eggs (in terms of laying
date, mass, and levels of androgens, carotenoids and antibodies) according to female quality (e.g. arrival and laying dates and weights, blood parameters). Various approaches will be used to examine the contribution of male quality. Effects on embryo survival and development will be studied mainly via experimental manipulation of androgen levels. Finally, my long-term study and collaboration with groups working on other rockhopper populations will enable assessment of inter-annual and populational variation in maternal investment. | | Duration | 01/01/2011 - 31/12/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Match or mismatch? A cost-benefit analysis of maternal effects in canaries (Serinus canaria). 01/01/2011 - 31/12/2012
| Abstract | A lot of research has already been performed on the function of maternal hormones in the eggs of birds. The observed effects have however always been described independently of the environment the birds live in, although an effect might be positive in one environment while being negative in another. This makes the environment an essential factor in this research topic. In addition, studies so far have mainly been done from the chicks'' point of view. Nevertheless, what is positive for the parents does not necessarily need to be positive for the young, and vice versa. Despite this, the effects on the parents have received little attention and need to be studied in greater detail. Combining these two main principles, the adaptive value of maternal hormone deposition can only be determined in this broader context, with environment-dependent hormone deposition possibly being a mothers'' optimal strategy to maximise her fitness. | | Duration | 01/01/2011 - 31/12/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The role of oxytocin and vasopressin as a proximal basis for (pro)social behaviour: inter- and intraspecific comparison of bonobo (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 01/12/2010 - 30/11/2013
| Abstract | This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand KMDA. UA provides KMDA research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract. | | Duration | 01/12/2010 - 30/11/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Adaptive value and mechanisms of variation in maternal hormones in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). 01/10/2010 - 30/09/2012
| Abstract | In this study we examine maternal yolk hormones in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), which give the female the ability to modify offspring phenotype to their future environment. We study the variation of maternal yolk hormones within and between clutches. We search evidence for possible mechanism of variable hormone deposition in the yolk and we study the effects of variable deposition for the offspring, in the short term as well as in the long term. | | Duration | 01/10/2010 - 30/09/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Parent-offspring conflict in canaries: individual plasticity, genetic basis and co-adaptation. 01/10/2010 - 30/09/2012
| Abstract | The evolution of parental care is central to our understanding of among other social systems and sexual selection, which are main areas of research in evolutionary biology. However, virtually nothing is known about its genetic architecture. Parental care includes complex parent-offspring interactions and its evolution therefore depends on the evolution of two traits, parental provisioning and offspring begging. Both behaviours should ultimately become genetically correlated, since changes in one trait exert a selective pressure on the evolution
of the other. To complicate matters, the evolution of parental care is also shaped by a conflict of interest over the degree of provided parental investment between parents and offspring. My proposed research project aims at studying the genetic basis and consequences of co-adaptation between parental provisioning and offspring begging. In a first step, I will separately look at the heritability and phenotypic plasticity of both, parental provisioning and offspring begging, which set the basis for any co-evolutionary process. Next, I will focus on
the co-variance of both traits using an intra-individual and an intra-family approach. Finally, I will study the functional consequences of co-adaptation for both parents and offspring, which will also improve our understanding of who is winning the parent-offspring conflict. | | Duration | 01/10/2010 - 30/09/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Metals, oxidative stress and carotenoid-dependent coloration: does metal pollution fade the colour of great tits (Parus major)? 01/10/2010 - 31/03/2012
| Abstract | The main focus of this project is to asses the signal value of carotenoid colouration in relation to oxidative stress levels and diet quality in the great tit (Parus major). The great tit has a carotenoid based signal, namely the yellow breast colour. The brightness of this colour is linked to the condition and the quality of the bearer. The research will be conducted in a well known metal pollution gradient. We expect that birds in polluted areas will fade under the influence of metal induced oxidative stress and/or lower food quality. | | Duration | 01/10/2010 - 31/03/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Causes and consequences of variation in complex secondary sexual song characteristics: a longitudinal and multidisciplinary approach by integrating behavioural, physiological and molecular data. 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2013
| Abstract | This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university. | | Duration | 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Causes and consequences of variation in complex secondary sexual song characteristics: a longitudinal and multidisciplinary approach by integrating behavioural, physiological and molecular data. 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2013
| Abstract | During this project we aim to study, in an integrated manner, the causes and consequences of variation in a wide range of song characteristics in the great tit. By utilising automatic song recording systems, we will register and quantify all possible aspects of the song of at least 200 free-living great tits in full detail. We aim to monitor as many males as possible during their life time. The unique dataset obtained in this way will be used for further cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. We will study the causes and consequences in song behaviour in an integrated way by using physiological, immuno-endocrine, and state-of-the-art molecular techniques, as well as personality and learning tests and heredity analyses. | | Duration | 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Geographical patterns and tissue distribution of the emerging flame retardants HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane) and TBBPA (tetrabromobisfenol A). 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2011
| Abstract | Recently, the intensive use of the brominated flame retardants hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobishenol A (TBBPA) has lead to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. Information about their levels and potential effects is thus of major importance. Birds have been used as a succesful biomonitor since the 1960s. In this project, we will make use of raptors to study geographical patterns and tissue distribution of HBCD and TBBPA. | | Duration | 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The influence of testosterone and stress on the song development and song expression in adult male starlings. 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2011
| Abstract | This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract. | | Duration | 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Maternal investment in eggs: sources of variation and effects on offspring in wild rockhopper penguins. 01/10/2009 - 30/09/2013
| Abstract | The central aim of this postdoc research project is to examine the sources of variation in maternal investment in eggs of rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) and potential effects of such investment on embryonic survival an development. We will study this variation at all possible levels: within the breeding population (i.e. among clutches), within clutches and among breeding seasons and different population. | | Duration | 01/10/2009 - 30/09/2013 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The evolutionary ecology of maternal effects in birds. 01/10/2009 - 30/09/2011
| Abstract | This is a fundamental research project financed by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). The project was subsidized after selection by the FWO-expert panel. | | Duration | 01/10/2009 - 30/09/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- FWO-Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship (Maud POISBLEAU, France) 01/04/2009 - 31/03/2010
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/04/2009 - 31/03/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- A study of the functional role of the male hormone testosterone in female vertebrates. 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2010
| Abstract | The main focus of this project is to asses what the effects are of testosterone (T) on the morphology, physiology and behaviour in the female great tit (Parus major) and in the end on their fitness. Additionally I will investigate if T-concentrations in females are a consequence of a correlated response on T-concentrations in males. At the end of this project I will integrate my results with the current literature on T in female birds. By combining the results of these studies we can generate higher order of conclusions on the relationship between T and behavioural, physiological and morphological parameters. | | Duration | 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Match or mismatch? A cost-benefit analysis of maternal effects in canaries (Serinus canaria). 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2010
| Abstract | A lot of research has already been performed on the function of maternal hormones in the eggs of birds. The observed effects have however always been described independently of the environment the birds live in, although an effect might be positive in one environment while being negative in another. This makes the environment an essential factor in this research topic. In addition, studies so far have mainly been done from the chicks'' point of view. Nevertheless, what is positive for the parents does not necessarily need to be positive for the young, and vice versa. Despite this, the effects on the parents have received little attention and need to be studied in greater detail. Combining these two main principles, the adaptive value of maternal hormone deposition can only be determined in this broader context, with environment-dependent hormone deposition possibly being a mothers'' optimal strategy to maximise her fitness. | | Duration | 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Adaptive value and mechanisms of variation in maternal hormones in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2010
| Abstract | In this study we examine maternal yolk hormones in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), which give the female the ability to modify offspring phenotype to their future environment. We study the variation of maternal yolk hormones within and between clutches. We search evidence for possible mechanism of variable hormone deposition in the yolk and we study the effects of variable deposition for the offspring, in the short term as well as in the long term. | | Duration | 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Maternal transfer, effects and metabolisation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in songbirds. 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2011
| Abstract | Brominated fire retardants (BFRs) are a large group of chemicals which are widely used in different materials (e.g. electronics, textile). There is however a lack of information on the toxicological profile of these pollutants. The aims of this research project are to study 1) maternal transfer, 2) reproductive, behavioural and health effects and 3) toxicokinetics and metabolism of brominated fire retardants (BFRs). To accomplish these objectives, both experimental and field studies will be performed in different songbird species. | | Duration | 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Metals, oxidative stress and carotenoid-dependent coloration: does metal pollution fade the colour of great tits (Parus major)? 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2010
| Abstract | The main focus of this project is to asses the signal value of carotenoid colouration in relation to oxidative stress levels and diet quality in the great tit (Parus major). The great tit has a carotenoid based signal, namely the yellow breast colour. The brightness of this colour is linked to the condition and the quality of the bearer. The research will be conducted in a well known metal pollution gradient. We expect that birds in polluted areas will fade under the influence of metal induced oxidative stress and/or lower food quality. | | Duration | 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of accumulation, geographical variation and related effects of organic pollutants in free-living birds of prey. 01/10/2008 - 10/01/2012
| Abstract | The research objectives are
- Examine the factors that determine concentrations of organic pollutants in feathers;
- Study the relationship between levels of organic pollutants and effects in individual birds;
- Assess sources of geographical variation for contamination with organic pollutants using feathers;
- Integrate all results to resolve which factors explain variation in contamination among bird species. | | Duration | 01/10/2008 - 10/01/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The role of the "male" hormone testosterone in female vertebrates: an integrated study with great and blue tits as model species. 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2009
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2008 - 30/09/2009 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- On the function of maternal yolk androgens in birds: from early adjustments to post-hatching conditions to long-term effects. 01/07/2008 - 31/12/2012
| Abstract | The effects of maternal hormones in birds are thought to represent examples of so-called maternal effects and are thought to have evolved to translate the environmental conditions experienced by the mother into adaptive phenotypic variation of the offspring. Their adaptive significance is therefore likely to depend on the post-hatching conditions, but long-lasting changes in offspring phenotype need to be considered too. | | Duration | 01/07/2008 - 31/12/2012 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of intraspecific variation in the movement behaviour of a small benthic fish species: integrating behavioural, ecological, endocrinological and molecular data. 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2011
| Abstract | The aim of this project is to address gaps in our understanding of intraspecific variation in animal behaviour, especially the movement behaviour of small bentic freshwater fish species. To achieve this, the proposed study integrates two closely-linked research components. | | Duration | 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Sexual signals - the integration of developmental history and individual quality 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2009
| Abstract | Male ornaments are thought to indicate heritable male quality. Females selecting males with elaborated ornaments thereby select males that can afford to invest in their ornaments, e.g. because they are best adapted to the current conditions. Male ornaments have also been hypothesized to indicate the early developmental history of an individual. However, how females integrate the different types of information in mate choice is largely unknown. | | Duration | 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2009 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The influence of testosterone and stress on the song development and song expression in adult male starlings. 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2009
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2008 - 31/12/2009 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Metals, oxidative stress and carotenoid-dependent colouration: does metal pollution fade the colour of great tits (Parus major)? 01/01/2008 - 30/09/2008
| Abstract | The main focus of this project is to asses the signal value of carotenoid colouration in relation to oxidative stress levels and diet quality in the great tit (Parus major). The great tit has a carotenoid based signal, namely the yellow breast colour. The brightness of this colour is linked to the condition and the quality of the bearer. The research will be conducted in a well known metal pollution gradient. We expect that birds in polluted areas will fade under the influence of metal induced oxidative stress and/or lower food quality. | | Duration | 01/01/2008 - 30/09/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The consequences of host-parasite co-evolution for sexual selection and life history: studies from two evolutionary points of view. 01/10/2007 - 31/03/2009
| Abstract | The objectives of the project are to investigate (i) the effect of malaria prevalence on sexual signalling; (ii) the potential physiological and genetic mechanisms that are responsible for the maintenance of reliable signalling of parasite levels; (iii) the interspecific relationship between disease risk and mating system using primates and birds; and (iv) the evolutionary relationship between parasite and host life history traits by focusing on the perspective of malaria parasites. | | Duration | 01/10/2007 - 31/03/2009 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of the social, seasonal and hormonal variation of song in song birds. 01/10/2007 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2007 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Secondary sexual characteristics and oxidative stress: are attractive males, healthy males? 01/07/2007 - 31/12/2011
| Abstract | The expression of secondary sexual characteristics is often an honest signal of the condition of the male. In this project, the relationship will be studied between the expression of secondary sexual characteristics in the great tit (Parus major) and oxidative stress levels (caused by exposure to metal pollution). The amount of genetic and environmental variation on oxidative stress and secondary sexual characteristics will be estimated with a cross-fostering experiment. | | Duration | 01/07/2007 - 31/12/2011 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Song in songbirds as a model system for studying complex behaviours: an integration of ecological, physiological and neurobiological data in an evolutionary framework. 01/01/2007 - 31/12/2010
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2007 - 31/12/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Conflict management and post-conflict stress of bonobos (pan paniscus) in captivity. 01/01/2007 - 31/12/2008
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2007 - 31/12/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Deceptive signals? On the function of maternal yolk hormones in family conflict. 01/10/2006 - 31/12/2008
| Abstract | The identification of the costs and benefits that shape the relationship between male attractiveness and maternal yolk androgen deposition is the aim of this project at the Department of Biology-Ethology of the University of Antwerp. These costs may be borne by the female (who may have to expose herself to high levels of androgens), the male (who are potentially deceived by the female since yolk androgen deposition could play an important role in the sexual conflict over parental care) or the offspring (who may be affected by costs of embryonic hormone exposure depending on its genetic quality). I will investigate proximate aspects of the maternal hormone deposition, look at the relationship between genetic and maternal effects, in particular through long-term studies, and address the question whether maternal yolk hormones mediate family conflicts. | | Duration | 01/10/2006 - 31/12/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in several bird species, with special attention to the development of non-destructive methods for biomonitoring. 01/10/2006 - 30/09/2008
| Abstract | Human activities have lead to the release and worldwide distribution of various hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Growing concern about possible harmful effects of these pollutants has encouraged the development of several biomonitoring programs. At the moment there is a lack of scientific data concerning (1) the occurrence of many pollutants in biota and (2) the usefulness of various bird species as a bio-indicator species. However, such research is necessary regarding birds and other animal groups.
In my project, I will assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and POPs in internal tissue samples, feathers, blood samples and eggs of different bird species. Relatively little information is available about concentrations of recent POPs, such as PBDEs (fire retardants) and PFOS in terrestrial vertebrate animals (including birds) in Flanders. Moreover no comparative studies have investigated the usefulness of different bird species as a biomonitor of pollution with POPs and heavy metals. Brief, I will investigate whether there are differences in contamination between study areas, whether non-invasive biomonitoring methods (i.e. feathers) can be developed and whether differences in contamination levels between bird species of the same area can be related tot different feeding strategies, ecology, territory size etc. Finally, I will integrate the results of the different examinations to determine which bird species appear to be the most suitable biomonitors for both types of pollutants. | | Duration | 01/10/2006 - 30/09/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The role of the 'male' sex hormone testosterone in female vertebrates: an integrated study using the great tit and the European starling as model species. 01/07/2006 - 31/12/2010
| Abstract | The aim of this project is to investigate the role of the ''male'' sex hormone testosterone (T) in female vertebrates. This will be accomplished by (1) studying the effects of experimentally elevated T levels on behavioural, reproductive and physiological parameters in female great tits and European starlings in natural and controlled experimental conditions and (2) investigating to which extent T-sensitive parameters affect female fitness. | | Duration | 01/07/2006 - 31/12/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Deceptive signals ¿ on the function of maternal yolk hormones in family conflict. 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | This project addresses the question whether the deposition of maternal yolk hormones in birds plays a critical role in the parental tug-of-war over the contribution to offspring care. Because offspring begging, which is at the heart of this family conflict, is influenced by maternal yolk hormones, it is to be expected that maternal hormones modulate this family conflict. Thus females may attempt to manipulate their partner through the transfer of hormones into the egg. | | Duration | 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Movement behaviour of the bullhead (Cottus gobio), a benthic freshwater fish species: an ecological-genetical approach. 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | Information on the movement behaviour of freshwater fishes with no commercial value, especially benthic species, is still very limited. The aim of this study is to eliminate this lacuna, in particular for the bullhead (Cottus gobio). Both direct (capture-mark-recapture, telemetry) and indirect (genetic markers) methods will be used to obtain this goal. Such an integrated approach is scientifically very relevant and innovative. | | Duration | 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in feathers: a novel method to quantify oxidative stress non-destructively. 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | Oxidative stress in organisms results in the peroxidation of all major biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins and lipids. The most frequently used method to determine oxidative stress is to quantify lipid peroxidation with the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method. In this study a method will be developed and validated to quantify TBARS in feathers of birds. | | Duration | 01/03/2006 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Women make the man: sexual selection and fitness in pygmy chimpanzees. 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- BOF/IWT research fellowship. 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2006
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2006 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- selection and communication: an integrated approach. 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2006
| Abstract | In this project we examine the relative importance of a great variety of characteristics (song, personality, colour and plumage characteristics, morphological characteristics) in the context of mate choice and intrasexual competition. Furthermore, we will invest whether females invest more in reproduction if they are mated to an attractive partner (assessed by secondary sexual characters). We will examine whether females adapt the deposition of maternal hormones in their eggs in function of the quality of their mate. | | Duration | 01/01/2006 - 31/12/2006 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Father's good genes and mother's extra help - adaptive adjustment of maternal yolk hormones to mate attractiveness ? 01/10/2005 - 30/09/2009
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2005 - 30/09/2009 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The bullhead as model species to investigate the movement behaviour of benthic fish species: an ecological and genetical approach. 01/10/2005 - 30/06/2008
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2005 - 30/06/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The effects of lead on avian sperm quality with special reference to the possible role of oxidative stress. 01/10/2005 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2005 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of the role of carotenoids in oxidative stress, immunocompetence and the expression of secondary sexual characteristics with particular attention to possible trade-offs among these different physiological functions : a multidisciplinary approach. 01/01/2005 - 31/12/2008
| Abstract | The scope of this proposal is to study in an integrated and compre- hensive manner the role of carotenoids in all 3 above mentioned physiological functions (antioxidative potential, immuno-stimulation and expression of secondary sexual characteristics), with special attention on the possible trade-off among the different physiological functions of carotenoids. In concrete, we will study the mitigable effect of carotenoids on the amount and the effects of lead-induced oxidative stress in birds. Special attention will be given to the pos- sibility that the allocation of carotenoids as antioxidants may influ- ence the other functions of carotenoids. This proposal will thus contribute significantly to the study of carotenoid-based sexual traits as honest signals of condition and health status in birds and other vertebrates. Finally, we will investigate whether interspecific differ- ences in susceptibility to lead poisoning are caused by differences in antioxidant levels among species, which has recently been suggested.
The objectives of our proposal will be met with experiments under laboratory and natural conditions. In the field study, great tits will be used as model species. Because great tits readily use nest boxes, they can be easily manipulated and studied. Janssens et al. (2003a) have found that great tits are susceptible to heavy metal poisoning, which resulted in an impaired reproductive success. Finally, the great tit is one of the few bird species in which a conspicuous carotenoid- based coloration is developed already during the nestling stage, which arises from unmodified deposition of lutein and zeaxanthin (fschirren et al., 2003). These characteristics render the great tit a very suitable study species. Because great tits are difficult to study in laboratory conditions however, we will use the zebra finch (T aeniopygia guttata) as model species in the laboratory experiments. This small passerine is an important study species in behavioural ecological research and has been used previously by ETHOL to investigate the accumulation of lead in tissues and feathers (Dauwe et al. 2002, Snoeijs et al., in prep.) | | Duration | 01/01/2005 - 31/12/2008 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Bird song and parasites : study of the relationship between a complex communication system and immune function using experimental and comparative methods. 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2007
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Effects of environmental pollutants on the sperm quality and the reproductive success of birds : an experimental study. 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2007
| Abstract | Human impact on the environment has increased dramatically over the last decades. The technological and industrial development has resulted in the release of numerous hazardous substances into the environment, which in many cases have been distributed worldwide. The occurrence of contaminants in the environment poses a genuine threat to the quality of ecosystems and the organisms that live there (Merian 1997). Although a wide variety of chemicals have been detected in environmental samples, environmental chemistry is still virtually limited to two major classes of chemicals, the heavy metals and the poly halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs; PeakalI1992). The exposure to contaminants can result in negative effects at all levels of biological organisation: from a biQchemical I response to a decrease in population numbers. Although effects on molecular or cellular level are in many cases easily i detectable and often have a clear dose-response relationship, the ecological relevance is often very low. Effects of pollutants on individual or population level on the other hand, have a much higher ecological significance. Especially the impairment of normal reproduction is very important from an ecological point of view. Moreover, because successful reproduction requires the integration of endocrine, physiological and behavioural processes, it is very sensitive to pollution. In recent years concern about the effect of environmental changes on male reproductive health has grown to become a major preoccupation in some developed countries (Tieleman et al. 1999, Telisman et al. ,2000, Hauser et al. 2002). Sperm quality may be a rapid-measurement endpoint biomarker for measuring sublethal effects of chemical pollutants on reproduction (Boyle et al. 1992, Citutovic et al. 1993). Because a reduction in sperm quality does not have to result in an impaired reproductive success, sperm quality may function as an early warning system (Bonde et al. 1999). Studies on the effects of pollutants, both spermatotoxic chemicals and endocrine disruptors, on the sperm quality of mammals have increased markedly. Although several studies have shown that PHAHs and heavy metals may negatively affect sperm quality in mammals (Apostoli et al. 1998), few studies however have examined the effects of contaminants on avian §perm. In behavioural ecological studies and in poultry research a number of techniques have been developed and used to determine the sperm quality of birds non-invasively. An interesting, indirect measure of sperm quality is the number of spermatozoa in the perivitelline layer (membrane surrounding the yolk) of the egg (Birkhead 1989, Wishart 1997). Recently we have shown in a field study that heavy metal pollution can have a negative effect on the number of spermatozoa in blue tit (Parus caeruleus) eggs (Dauwe et al. 2004). In the framework of this proposal, this technique will be evaluated in more detail as a possible non-destructive indicator for the effects of contaminants on the sperm quality and the reproductive success. To do so, all factors that may have an influence on the number of spermatozoa in the egg will be studied. The possible effect of a reduced sperm quality on the re~roductive success (hatching success) will also be assessed. In this study we will use the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as model species, because they can be studied and bred relatively easily in captivity. Moreover, the zebra finch has been used intensively as model species in physiological, neurobiological and behavioural research (Scheuhammer 1996, Zann 1996). Finally, the number of spermatozoa in zebra finch eggs have already been used to determine sperm quality in numerous studies on sperm competition in birds (see Birkhead 1989). To meet the objectives of this proposal, the effect of lead and PCB 153 on the sperm quality of zebra finches will be studied. We have chosen for these two pollutants because they are among the most widespread and | | Duration | 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in several bird species, with special attention to the development of non-destructive methods for biomonitoring. 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2006
| Abstract | Human activities have lead to the release and worldwide distribution of various hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Growing concern about possible harmful effects of these pollutants has encouraged the development of several biomonitoring programs. At the moment there is a lack of scientific data concerning (1) the occurrence of many pollutants in biota and (2) the usefulness of various bird species as a bio-indicator species. However, such research is necessary regarding birds and other animal groups.
In my project, I will assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and POPs in internal tissue samples, feathers, blood samples and eggs of different bird species. Relatively little information is available about concentrations of recent POPs, such as PBDEs (fire retardants) and PFOS in terrestrial vertebrate animals (including birds) in Flanders. Moreover no comparative studies have investigated the usefulness of different bird species as a biomonitor of pollution with POPs and heavy metals. Brief, I will investigate whether there are differences in contamination between study areas, whether non-invasive biomonitoring methods (i.e. feathers) can be developed and whether differences in contamination levels between bird species of the same area can be related tot different feeding strategies, ecology, territory size etc. Finally, I will integrate the results of the different examinations to determine which bird species appear to be the most suitable biomonitors for both types of pollutants. | | Duration | 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2006 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- An integrated study on the effects of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) in insectivorous songbirds, with special attention to their possible endocrine disrupting role. 01/01/2004 - 31/12/2007
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/01/2004 - 31/12/2007 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- A study of the influence of sexual selection and interspecific competition on the size and compostion of the Blue Tit song repertoire. 01/01/2004 - 31/12/2005
| Abstract | Blue Tits (Parus caeruleus), as many other bird species, show great geographic variation in song from northern Europe to the Mediterranean region, North Africa and the Canary Islands. For example, Blue Tit repertoire size (the number of different song types per individual) differs noticeably among populations and ranges from 3 to 19 song types. In the north, songs that include a trill (a series of rapidly repeated notes) are widespread, whereas trills are rare in southern Spain and Corsica and have never been reported in North Africa and the Canary Islands. This variation in repertoire size and repertoire composition might be the result of geographic variation in local selection pressures. Possible selection pressures are sexual selection among Blue Tits and interspecific competition with a close competitor, the Great Tit (Parus major). Since both species are able to produce sounds with a similar syntax (non-trills) and frequency range, acoustic competition between these species could have caused a shift in Blue Tit song syntax. By using trills (of different syntax), Blue Tits can avoid the problem of being misidentified by Great Tits and therefore trilled song might reduce the probability of energy-demanding, aggressive territorial interactions with the more dominant Great Tits. Song variation could also be the result of sexual selection. Many bird species use different songs for inter ''and intrasexual communication and repertoire size may be related to the intensity of sexual selection or population density. In this study we will investigate whether trills and non-trills have different functional meanings, whether there is a relationship between repertoire size and the intensity of sexual selection, whether acoustic competition between Blue and Great Tits exists and whether there is a problem of misidentification between both species. In order to address these questions, different experiments will be performed in various populations (in Belgium and southern Spain) that differ in repertoire size and Great Tit density. Integration of the obtained behavioural, hormonal and morphological data will help to reveal the factors responsible for the origin and maintenance of song diversity among Blue Tit populations and might reveal important insights into Blue Tit communication strategies. | | Duration | 01/01/2004 - 31/12/2005 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of secondary sexual traits and behaviour in female songbirds : an interdisciplinary approach. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2006
| Abstract | Secondary sexual characteristic give signals about individual quality to potential mates- ''good genes'' hypothesis. In the last years there is a growing interest in studies concerning evolution of secondary sexual traits in female species. In the literature there are more and more evidence signifying that the mate choice may not be limited to the female, but may occur bilaterally. Furthermore it has been suggested that secondary sexual traits in females can have an adaptive value.
This research aims at better understanding of the function of secondary sexual traits in female individuals. It focuses particularly on song behavior in female starlings, which until now has not been studied in detail, and explores its endocrine and neurobiological basis. The study gives attention to the seasonal and individual variation in female song activity. By investigating the relationships between song characteristics (song complexity and/or song frequency) and other characteristics (immunocompetence, weight, timing of pair formation and clutch size) this research provides a better view at the adaptive significance of variation in female song behavior. Preliminary results suggest that female song in this species might be used as an honest signal advertising quality. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2006 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Song as a model system to study secondary sexual characters in a comparative evolutionary context. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of the occurrence of several types of pollutants in birds, with special attention to differences between trophic levels and study areas. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | Various hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been released into the environment, as a consequence of human activities and have been distributed worldwide. Growing concern about possible harmful effects of these pollutants has lead to the development of several biomonitoring programs. At the moment there is a lack of scientific data concerning (1) the occurrence of many pollutants in biota and (2) the usefulness of various bird species as bio-indicator species, although such research is necessary regarding birds and other animal groups.
In my project, I will assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and POPs in internal tissue samples, feathers, blood samples and eggs of different bird species who live in the same study area, but vary in food preferences, ecology, territory size, body size '' Samples will be collected in two different study areas: one urban and highly polluted area (Hoboken-Wilrijk) and one rural area (presumably Peer).
I will investigate whether there are differences in contamination between the two study areas, whether non-invasive biomonitoring methods can be developed, whether differences in contamination levels between bird species of the same area can be related tot different feeding strategies, ecology, territory size'' and whether relations exist between concentrations of pollutants and biomarker responses. Finally, I will examine which bird species appear to be the most suitable biomonitors for both types of pollutants. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study on the accumulation and effects of lead on birds : an experimental study with the zebrafinch as modelspecies. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | In this study, the accumulation of lead in a small passerine songbird, the zebra finch, will be investigated. Special attention will be paid to the use of non-destructive techniques (e.g. eggs and feathers) to determine the exposure to lead. Also the effects of lead on reproductive behaviour and success of the zebrafinch will be investigated. Apart from general reproductive parameters, such as clutch size and hatching success, the effect of lead on sperm quality will also be assessed. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Comparing male reproductive strategies in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos(Pan paniscus): a multidisciplinary study. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | In thus study intrasexual and intersexual behavioural reproductive strategies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) will be studied in captivity and compared. On the other hand, the physiology of sperm production will be studied in both species. This will be useful to understand the differences in social organization of the of the two species. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- In vivo MRI research of the relationship between plasticity of the song control nuclei and several aspects of song behaviour in the European Starling. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Testing the resource of allocation hypothesis in small passerines. 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | Several models of sexual selection predict that females choose males of high quality, an attribute that can be inherited by their offspring wich in turn enhances their survival (good genes models), on the basis of secondary sexual traits. However, over the years, it has been difficult to define this quality. In 1982, Hamilton and Zuk (1982) proposed that the resistance to infections and diseases (immunocompetence) could be used by females to choose a mate. For a few years now, possible tradeoffs between the individual immune system and fitness related traits like reproductive efforts and secondary sexual traits (ecological immunology) have become also more of interest. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Maternal styles and infant development in bonobos (Pan paniscus) en chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): a study of intra- and interspecific variation in relation to differences in social organization. 01/10/2003 - 31/01/2004
| Abstract | In many primates, the mother is the primary caretaker. A mother, who can balance her investment in such a way as to promote her infant''s independence without jeopardizing its survival, will deplete her energy reserves less en will be able to start reproducing within a shorter period of time. How much a mother will invest in her offspring will depend upon her age, dominance position and parity. Other factors that can influence maternal behaviour are the sex of the offspring and the absence or presence of siblings. Apart from these individual factors, species-specific characteristics of the social organization and mating system of a species will influence maternal behaviour.
Although the mother-infant bond is the primary social relationship among primates, research on the relation between social organization, mating system and maternal behaviour on the one hand and the relation between maternal behaviour and development of infants on the other, is rare. To gain more insight concerning female reproductive strategies in primates, research on intra- and interspecific variation of maternal behaviour and investment is necessary. Two species that lend themselves perfectly for this research are the bonobo (Pan paniscus) and the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).
Behavioural observations will allow us to determine the maternal styles and follow the development of behaviour of bonobo and chimpanzee infants. More specifically we will investigate the relation between the ontogeny of behaviour and the maternal style. The influence of individual varying factors of the mothers and the species-specific characteristics of the two Pan-species on maternal behaviour or style will be investigated. The data will be used to test the hypothesis that interspecific differences in maternal styles are an adaptive response to differences in social organization. Additionally, studbook analyses (ex. calculation of birth sex ratios, interbirth intervals, mortality and survival of infants) will allow us to compare the reproductive success and reproductive strategies of female bonobos and chimpanzees. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/01/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Sexual selection-research as a model system for studying the relationships between hormones, brain and behaviour. 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2005
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2005 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Study of secondary sexual traits and behaviours in female songbirds : an interdisciplinary approach. 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2005
| Abstract | Male secondary sexual behaviours have been the focus of intensive research. By contrast, the evolution of secondary sexual behaviours in females has received little attention. This project tries to get a better understanding of the function of secondary sexual behaviours (song and aggressive behaviour) in female starlings Sturnus vulgaris and will study their importance in intra-sexual rivalry and in mate choice by males. The endocrine and neurobiological basis of song behaviour in females will also be studied. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2005 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- A study of the influence of sexual selection and interspecific competition on the size and compostion of the Blue Tit song repertoire. 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2003
| Abstract | Blue Tits (Parus caeruleus), as many other bird species, show great geographic variation in song from northern Europe to the Mediterranean region, North Africa and the Canary Islands. For example, Blue Tit repertoire size (the number of different song types per individual) differs noticeably among populations and ranges from 3 to 19 song types. In the north, songs that include a trill (a series of rapidly repeated notes) are widespread, whereas trills are rare in southern Spain and Corsica and have never been reported in North Africa and the Canary Islands. This variation in repertoire size and repertoire composition might be the result of geographic variation in local selection pressures. Possible selection pressures are sexual selection among Blue Tits and interspecific competition with a close competitor, the Great Tit (Parus major). Since both species are able to produce sounds with a similar syntax (non-trills) and frequency range, acoustic competition between these species could have caused a shift in Blue Tit song syntax. By using trills (of different syntax), Blue Tits can avoid the problem of being misidentified by Great Tits and therefore trilled song might reduce the probability of energy-demanding, aggressive territorial interactions with the more dominant Great Tits. Song variation could also be the result of sexual selection. Many bird species use different songs for inter ''and intrasexual communication and repertoire size may be related to the intensity of sexual selection or population density. In this study we will investigate whether trills and non-trills have different functional meanings, whether there is a relationship between repertoire size and the intensity of sexual selection, whether acoustic competition between Blue and Great Tits exists and whether there is a problem of misidentification between both species. In order to address these questions, different experiments will be performed in various populations (in Belgium and southern Spain) that differ in repertoire size and Great Tit density. Integration of the obtained behavioural, hormonal and morphological data will help to reveal the factors responsible for the origin and maintenance of song diversity among Blue Tit populations and might reveal important insights into Blue Tit communication strategies. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2003 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Female reproductive competion in American bison (Bison bison). 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004
| Abstract | No abstract found | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 30/09/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Integrating molecular techniques with field observations in the study of sexual selection in birds. 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2003
| Abstract | In this project we will use molecular techniques to study reproductive behaviour of birds. In the framework of ongoing sexual selection research, we will determine the exact reproductive success of birds using microsatellites, and we will study factors that influence the sex ratio within a clutch. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2003 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- Sexual selection, mate choice and communication in aminals: an integrated and interdisciplinary approach 01/10/2003 - 31/08/2010
| Abstract | In this project, mechanistic (proximate) and ultimate aspects of sexual selection are integrated and insights and techniques from different disciplines are incorporated to get to know more about the development of secondary sexual characters and the selective forces which may have led to their evolution | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/08/2010 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
- The use of bird feathers as bio-indicators for heavy metal pollution and study of the effect of this pollution on reproduction and health status. 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004
| Abstract | In recent years, bird feathers have been used as an indicator tissue of metal exposure in birds. Bird feathers are ideal for assessment of heavy metals because they accumulate certain heavy metals in proportion to blood levels at the time of feather formation. Studying the effect of heavy metals on terrestrial songbirds by integrating reproductive, endocrinological, immunological and behavioural parameters is innovating. | | Duration | 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 | | Researcher(s) | | | Research Team(s) | |
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Expertise
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Show the team expertise- Eens Marcel
- Field ecotoxicological and behavioural research in birds.
| Technique: | - Description, analysis, and interpretation of behaviour
- Bioacoustical analyses
- Molecular-ecological analyses
- Electrofishing techniques
- Biomonitoring | | Users: | - Environmental and nature administration
- Media | | Keywords: | FISH ECOLOGY, BIOACOUSTICS, BIOMONITORING, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, FIELD ECOTOXICOLOGY |
- Evolutionary biological and Molecular ecological research.
| Technique: | - Description, analysis, and interpretation of behaviour
- Bioacoustical analyses
- Molecular-ecological analyses
- Electrofishing techniques
- Biomonitoring | | Users: | - Environmental and nature administration
- Media | | Keywords: | FISH ECOLOGY, BIOACOUSTICS, BIOMONITORING, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, FIELD ECOTOXICOLOGY |
- Pinxten Annie
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