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The European Union (EU) is the result of a process of co-operation and integration which began in 1951. The main objectives of the EU are to introduce the concept of European citizenship, which carries with it a number of civil and political rights for European citizens and to develop an atmosphere of freedom, security and justice. The EU also encourages the development of the international market and the freedom of movement of people. In 1999, 29 countries in Europe signed the Bologna Declaration. One of the primary purposes of this declaration is to encourage and facilitate mobility between higher education systems and institutions in Europe.
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